The Debate Over The Minimum Wage Debate - 1737 Words

Andrew Carnegie once said â€Å"Do your duty and a little more and the future will take care of itself.† Carnegie: for better or worse, played an important part in the worker’s rights movement. Some of the very first movements for workers to unionize and protect their jobs came during Carnegie’s time and would mark the very beginning of long and difficult process to achieve worker’s rights that still continue to this day. The minimum wage debate is without a doubt part of these negotiations and has taken the spotlight in recent years. There are two sides to the minimum wage debate: the employees fighting for higher wages who would like to earn enough to keep food on the table for their family, and the employer who is doing what they can to keep†¦show more content†¦These sweatshops employed women and children and paid them far less than a reasonable wage. The minimum wage was created to â€Å"help individuals or families achieve self-sufficiency, and, as a result, coverage of minimum wage laws was extended to men and to workers in most low-paid occupations,† (Neumark Wascher, 2008). Throughout history minimum wage laws have been thought of as the right thing to do, but it is still uncertain if it is the correct way to achieve goals. Although the minimum wage debate had been going on for some time the very first federal wage law was passed in 1938 by Congress as part of the Fair Labor Standards Act. Moving forward, the next big event in the history of the minimum wage debate occurred in 1981 with the Minimum Wage Study Commission. This covered what was thought to be everything we as a country needed to know about minimum wage. Although some believed that there was still more to be known and in the mid-1990s, where it was found that â€Å"Minimum wages play an important role in youth labor markets†¦[and] the principal intent of the minimum wage [is] helping raise incomes of low-income families,† (Neumark W ascher, 2008). For the most part, that is still where the debate lingers today, whether raising the minimum wage is the correct way of helping people live on reasonable salaries and what that means for young people working low-income jobs. Many people that are against raising the minimum

Healthy Behavior Is Associated With Healthy Eating

Healthy behavior is associated with healthy eating. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans is to promote a healthy eating pattern and help reduce the risks of diseases though the nutrients intake. â€Å"The goal of the Dietary Guidelines is for individuals throughout all stages of the lifespan to have eating patterns that promote overall health and help prevent chronic disease.† According to Dietary Guideline for Americans their ultimate goal is to stimulate a healthy eating pattern by which they mean that eating in time, not eating foods that have less nutrients and more artificial foods. Healthy eating pattern is something that is given undivided attention by the Dietary Guideline for Americans because it can help us in the long run rather than taking medication for weeks, months or years and then following the same diet again. It can help stabilize our metabolism and give us the proper amount of nutrients that we should take and keep us disease free for long run. The key recommendations by Dietary Guideline for Americans for beverages are, â€Å"Fat-free or low-fat diary, including milk, yogurt, cheese, and/or fortified soy beverages.† The amount of sweetened beverages, diary products that Americans consume is very high therefore, this leads to high risks in many diseases like: Heart disease, Obesity, Heart Attack, Diabetes and high blood pressure. The cholesterol level keeps increasing as we keeping consuming diets that are high in sugar, calories, sodium and carbohydrates. TheShow MoreRelatedMotivation and the Brain1249 Words   |  5 Pages4 Motivation to engage in eating healthy behavior: 5 Conclusion: 6 References: 8 Introduction: Motivation is a phenomenon in which the brain and physical function are involved through emotional and reflexes. It is a critical factor in learning, emotions, and success of an individual. It is also influenced by emotional state of a person as the evaluations and actions of a living being are closely derived through motivation. The emotional systems are also associated with the creation of motivationRead MoreBatya Rogoff. Heart Disease, Stroke, And Death Are Just996 Words   |  4 Pagessymptoms of eating unhealthy food. Eating behaviors develop during the first few years of children s lives. Children learn what to eat by observing other eating behaviors. Eating healthy food during infancy and toddler years is extremely important because the child observes the eating behaviors of their care giver or parent. Some benefits of giving your child healthy food at a you g age are, nutrients, vitamins, and energy.Adults and parents play an important role in children eating healthy because Read MoreEssay on Biochemical Correlates of Anorexia and Bulimia1070 Words   |  5 Pagesis a dangerous eating disorder characterized by distorted body image, obsession with food and weight, drastic reduction in food intake often to the point of starvation, and extreme weight loss (1). Bulimia nervosa is a somewhat similar eating disorder more specifically characterized by recurring episodes of uncontrollable binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting or abuse of laxatives or diuretics (2). The vast majority - more than 90 percent - of those afflicted with eating disorders are adolescentRead MoreThe Functional Assessment Interview ( Fai )1259 Words   |  6 PagesNon-nutritious snacking is evident by the individual eating more than two non-nutritious meals that are over two hundred calories and that are not listed as a recommendation food for vegetarians by the U.S department of Health and Human Services, during non-traditional meal times. Indirect assessment will be done to determine the function of non-nutritious snacking. The Functional Assessment Interview (FAI) Form was used for the assessment. The main focus for this assessment was to establish a clearRead MoreThe Benefits of Reducing the Intake of Fast Food664 Words   |  3 Pagesthe behavior for the better. There are various benefits of reducing the intake of fast food, strategies and challenges of changing my behavior which will be analyzed. There are three benefits I will enjoy by reducing the fast food consumption. First, the change of the behavior will assist in improving my immunity. This is because of the fact that keeping a healthy and balanced diet is an essential aspect when it comes to strengthening the immunity. The second benefit of changing the behavior isRead MoreAchieving Better Health For The American Population1501 Words   |  7 Pagesfor various reasons with the fundamental reason being for survival purposes. However, the issue of eating to live and living to eat affects people in different manners as most people develop poor eating habits that affect the body’s nutritional intake and affects their health. Being healthy involves careful considerations of what one is eating and engaging in activities that contribute to better healthy lives that do not imply daily prescriptions or spending most of the time in a doctor’s office. ThereRead MoreMotivation and the Brain - Eating Healthy Essay99 3 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: HEALTHY EATING Healthy Eating University of Phoenix PSY 355 Stephanie Reyes March 29, 2011 Healthy Eating Eating right is essential for positive motivation and clear thinking. The brain, specifically the hypothalamus, along with the cerebral hemisphere works closely with physiological stimulation. This includes all five of our senses, specifically speaking, taste. Explaining the brain function associated with eating, I will discuss the influence of extrinsic andRead MoreRelationship Between A Children s Peer Network And Dietary Behavior Outcomes797 Words   |  4 Pagescategories of quantitative surveys on the relationship between a children’s peer network and dietary behavior outcomes. Unhealthy food intake findings associated fast food and other low-density snack food consumption among friends. It is important to note one study showed a difference between genders, as consumption of high calories snack and fast food was higher between boys than girls. Healthy food intake findings were less significant than unhealthy associations, although best friend vegetableRead MoreO besity : A Problem Facing Healthcare Professionals762 Words   |  4 Pageswith obesity. Obesity creates preventable health risks, costing our nation billions of dollars spent to care to those who are obese. There are theories of health that explain the increase in obesity rates, and how individuals overcome the change in behavior. Two will be researched and presented in this paper, the Health Belief Model and the Transtheoretical Model and Stages of Change. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a model of health developed in an effort to explain the widespread failure of peopleRead MoreBenefits Of Healthy Lunch For Schools969 Words   |  4 PagesHealthy Lunch in Schools: Benefits to the Students The health problems are increasing in the world as people are consuming fast food with high calories. Most people consume fast food from a drive through to save time, but do not realize that healthy food is necessary as food choices may affect how one may feel, as it is an old saying, ‘you are what you eat’. By eating healthy food, one may also reduce the risk of diseases, and improves one’s personal well being. A healthy diet consists balanced

Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility Of QANTAS †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility Of QANTAS. Answer: Introduction QANTAS or the Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services Ltd. came into existence in the year 1920 in Winton, Queensland and the company expanded into the transportation carrier business soon. QANTAS expanded its airline operations in both the domestic and the international markets and built upon its value proposition based on the companys reputation for security and safety, good customer service, and operational reliability. QANTAS soon became one of the leading Australian brands. Alan Joyce took over as the youngest CEO of QANTAS airlines in the year 2008 from his predecessor Geoff Dixon. Alan Joyce aims to maintain the identity of QANTAS as a profitable yet socially responsible organisation which upholds the fundamental values that are the identity of all the Australians (The Qantas Story, n.d.). Issues in the QANTAS case A group of high-profile CEOs in Australia, including the CEO of QANTAS Mr. Alan Joyce, recently wrote a letter to the Australian Prime Minister extending their support for the same-sex marriage. This led to the sparking of a debate with some ministers in the Australian government criticising the letter and the stand taken by the CEOs of corporate Australia. In their view, the business houses should focus on delivering the best of the services to the customers and concentrate on providing good returns to the shareholders as this was the primary responsibility of the business organisations and refrain from passing any kind of political statements about the policy issues (Belot, 2017). A spokesperson on behalf of the CEO of QANTAS, Alan Joyce, issued a statement that QANTAS would continue to support the social issues which the company believes in including the same-sex marriage. The statement received support from some of the prominent business names in Australia (Stefano, Sainty, 2017 ). The key issue that arises here is whether the corporate Australia and the CEOs of the prominent business corporations should be involving themselves in issues related to the public policy and using the name of the corporate brand to advocate their political opinions or advocating social issues. Additionally, another issue emerging is that should the business corporations restrict themselves to generating the best returns to their stakeholders and providing the best of the services to the customers and keep themselves away from the political and social policy issues (Serafeim, 2013). This paper will analyse the aspects of the key issues here by using the Stakeholder and the Shareholder theories of Corporate Social responsibility. The Shareholder and the Stakeholder Theories of CSR: An overview The contemporary business organisations in the modern era are continuously evaluating their policies and approaches that can help the company to leverage its position better in the market. Due to the prevalence of ambiguity and uncertainty in the global economy, organisations have to embrace policies and develop strategies that can provide them with a cushion to support the company during lean times. CSR or Corporate Social Responsibility is one such strategy that can provide an organisation with new opportunities and give the necessary competitive edge over rivals to an organisation (Baumgartner, 2014). CSR or Corporate Social Responsibility can be broadly defined as the social initiatives taken up by the business organisations that are voluntary and transcend the compulsory legal regulations. These social initiatives can be in various forms like acts of charity, environmental activism, humanitarian activism, community service, and much more. There are two different approaches or theories to define the Corporate Social Responsibility. One is the Shareholder theory and the second approach is the Stakeholder approach (Malik, 2015). The Shareholder theory of CSR The shareholder theory of CSR takes a narrow approach to the CSR of a company by stating that the sole responsibility of a business organisation is to maximise the returns for its shareholders by conducting the business within the legal framework of the law. The company is extending a beneficial service to the society if it is providing the goods and services at reasonable prices to the customers. Since the shareholders have invested their money in a company they are entitled to get a good return from the company (Flammer, 2015). Therefore, the companies should not try to engage themselves in any philanthropic pursuits and social causes that use the financial resources belonging to the shareholders of the company. Any philanthropic pursuits which reduce the cash flow to the investors should not be followed by the company but any kind of CSR initiatives that help in increasing the profits of the company can be pursued by the company. The shareholder theory advocates that social concerns like environmental protection, helping communities, and other such socially valuable projects are the responsibility of the government and not the business organisations (Cheers, 2011). The main business or concern of a business organisation is wealth generation for its shareholders and in turn the society. The shareholder theory is backed by an argument that any kind of social initiatives is the prime responsibility of the political and social institutions of a nation and not the business organisations. Scholars advocating the Shareholder theory argue that the government of a country determines the moral obligations of a business organisation with its rules and regulations (Costa, Menichini, 2013). The stakeholder theory of CSR The stakeholder theory, on the other hand, takes a much wider perspective of the Corporate Social Responsibility or the CSR of an organisation. This theory takes the view that a business owes a responsibility to not just its shareholders and investors but to all the people groups who have a stake in the business or any claims on the organisation. This includes the shareholders, employees, suppliers, customers, and the community. The stakeholders theory advocates taking a more socially aware view of the Corporate Social responsibility of a business keeping in mind the sensitivities of the various stakeholder groups associated directly or indirectly with the business. The advocates of the stakeholders theory hold the view that a business should use its vast resources voluntarily to propagate social good (Argadona, 2011). The scholars and thinkers in favour of the stakeholders theory advocate that the focus of the modern day business organisations goes much beyond the classical view of profit maximisation for its shareholders to the concept of a business organisation trying to create value for its stakeholders. The value to be created can be bifurcated into the economic values, an intangible extrinsic value, a psychological intrinsic value, transcendent values, and values that are made of both negative and positive externalities. This notion of value creation goes beyond the traditional meaning of economic value and includes the other forms of values which are the need of the stakeholders, for different uses and in different proportions (Moriarty, 2016). A business organisation affects the community and the society as a whole in a number of ways. Therefore, in the modern world, the business corporations face a number of sustainability issues from its different stakeholders. These issues can sometimes include concerns about the environmental defence, corruption, product safety, biodiversity, political lobbying, human rights issues, and much more. Different stakeholders place a different importance on these sustainability issues depending on the importance of the issue to different stakeholder groups (Park, Ghauri, 2015). Therefore, advocates of the stakeholder theory claim that a company can continue to ensure its success in the modern age by maintaining a balance between the interests of all its stakeholders and not just by following the norms of profit maximisation as prescribed by the shareholder theory. Maintaining the Altruistic and the Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility is necessary for the business organisations today t o ensure goodwill and positivity towards the organisation (Malik, 2015). Analysing the Qantas Campaign on Social Issues under the CSR model The campaign which has been supported by the QANTAS CEO Alan Joyce involves a lot of external and internal stakeholders. As explained by the Stakeholder theory, the modern day business organisations do not function in isolation and are dependent on the various stakeholders for their success. The business organisations today are responsible for serving a wider range of societal concerns and not just maximising the shareholders value. The different stakeholders would be affected by the altruistic CSR of the business organisations in campaigning for social issues in different ways (Crane, Matten, 2016). Some of these are: Employees: The employees are one of the most important stakeholder groups in any business organisation today. An ethical practice by the leadership of an organisation is a significant factor in attracting the best talent in the industry. Studies have shown that a dwindling faith in the ethics, values, and leadership of an organisation, are the main factors behind low level of employee loyalty and increasing employee turnover in the organisations. To build a corporate culture that strengthens employee relations, organisations need to invest more into establishing a values-oriented corporate culture with principles of equality, human dignity, fair work, trust, concern, and care for the employees and ensure a work culture that promises equal respect for all employees (Enderle, 2015). Studies have shown that people who work in organisations with strong ethical values, policies of social responsibility, and with a culture of high-integrity, are less prone dissatisfaction and stress. This personal level of satisfaction results in more happy and productive employees. It has been seen that in organisations that are piloted by ethical values, the employees are more inclined to work as teams for the achievement of the organisational goals and objectives instead of being engaged in turf battles professionally. This automatically serves to improve the efficiency and productivity of the organisation at all levels, helping them to serve the customers in a much better manner and generate better profitability for the investors and shareholders at the same time (Jackson, Wood, Zboja, 2013). Consumers and brand identity: The consumers today favour the brands, suppliers, and producers who practice social responsibility and demonstrate ethical practices. The studies and the empirical evidence gathered from research shows that the consumers concern about corporate citizenship has been steadily gaining momentum. A good CSR and ethical conduct can help an organisation gain significant competitive advantage over its rivals in the minds of the consumers gaining customer loyalty, resulting in higher returns (Costa, Menichini, 2013). It takes a company a long time to establish its brand name, identity, and reputation, but, in the global business world of today and the age of the internet, even a single scandal at times can destroy the companys goodwill. The organisations which have a strong ethical base are less prone to the damage caused by scandals and other such legal or social concerns. If the organisation has strong ethical values in place, it becomes much easier for such a firm to deal with any such scandal in an honest manner. Consumers and markets are more open to forgiving organisations which have a genuine interest in addressing the problems in the right and ethical manner, instead of organisations which do not try to address the root cause of the problem (Floyd, Xu, Atkins, Caldwell, 2013). Existing Shareholders: The altruistic CSR investments by the business organisations in concerning themselves with the larger social issues help the companies in developing a positive stakeholder reputation, which is essential for a firm to succeed and maintain its profitability. Without a positive stakeholder reputation, the companies are likely to suffer from competitive disadvantages which could result in a loss of sales and profit, discontented employees, negative publicity, directly impacting the shareholders return from the organisation. Therefore, taking the view of the shareholders theory, the companies should engage in CSR activities which work to enhance its profit (Ford, Richardson, 2013). Potential Investors: While choosing an organisation to associate with, the potential investors look at the integrity of the organisation and the responsible behaviour exhibited by the company, along with the profitability statements. Ethical practices cultivate trust and that is one of the important deciding factors for the potential investors while deciding upon the kind of organisation they want to associate with (Crane, Matten, 2016). Society and Communities: For a long time the traditional business view held on to the ideas of profit maximisation and aggressive competitor management to succeed in the business world. The other stakeholders in the business like the community and society was kept marginalised in the domain of Corporate Social Responsibility (Mahlab, 2017). But in the changing times, the margins have diminished and the society and community have taken the centre in the business strategy of the modern day corporations. The business corporations in the modern day are powerful entities that have the power and the opportunity to make a change and bring resilience to the delicate balance of the fragile world in which they are functioning. The business corporations will only flourish if the community and the society around them are flourishing (Wilkins, 2017). The society and the community provide the resources to the business and are the source of a business organisations profitability; therefore, it becomes a moral and ethical obligation of the business organisations to promote the societys interests in turn. The corporate world has the resources to engage in pursuits and raise their voices to solve social issues which are beneficial to the whole society, provided it does not hinder the basic function of revenue maximisation of the business organisation (Gratton, 2014). Conclusion Challenges of the modern societies like the climatic change, social issues, gender inequality, human rights for all, and other such societal concerns have a trajectory of corporate impact in some way or the other and the business organisations of today realise this factor. The business organisations of today are not just the agents of the shareholders but can be regarded as the harbingers of stakeholder relations (Baumgartner, 2014). In the digital world of todays business which is connected deeply by the social media, the business leaders of the corporations are expected by the society to act as the catalysts of change not just within the organisation but also in the larger social arena, because of the larger resources at the disposal of the business and much better networks, which can lend a powerful voice to the social causes like in this case of the QANTAS CEO and other prominent CEOs in Australia lending their support for the cause of same-sex marriage (Wilkins, 2017). The commercial and the social domains are coming closer to each other as the demarcation lines between the two are becoming diminished. Campaigning for a social cause that resonates with the majority of consumers and other stakeholders values is not just a novelty for the companies but is fast becoming the central strategy to build the trust in the brand name of a company and the values of the company (Crane, Matten, 2016). References: Argadona, A. (2011). Stakeholder theory and value creation.IESE Business School, WP,922. Retrieved from: https://www.iese.edu/research/pdfs/di-0922-e.pdf Baumgartner, R. J. (2014). Managing corporate sustainability and CSR: A conceptual framework combining values, strategies and instruments contributing to sustainable development.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,Vol. 21, Issue 5, pp. 258-271. Retrieved from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/csr.1336/full Belot, H. (2017, March 18). Dutton criticism fails to curb Qantas support for same-sex marriage. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-03-18/qantas-continue-same-sex-marriage-support-peter-dutton-criticism/8366306 Cheers, Z. (2011). The Corporate Social Responsibility Debate. Retrieved from: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1229context=honors Costa, R., Menichini, T. (2013). A multidimensional approach for CSR assessment: The importance of the stakeholder perception.Expert Systems with Applications,Volume 40, Issue 1, pp.150-161. Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417412008834 Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=J8-SDAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=business+ethics,+2013ots=5rRk4sKlg6sig=min6PXIjKQGHmBISz2DBJ-w7694#v=onepageq=business%20ethics%2C%202013f=false Enderle, G. (2015). Exploring and conceptualizing international business ethics.Journal of Business Ethics,Volume 127, Issue 4, pp. 723-735. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-014-2182-z Flammer, C. (2015). Does corporate social responsibility lead to superior financial performance? A regression discontinuity approach.Management Science,Vol. 61, Issue 11, pp. 2549-2568. Retrieved from: https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/mnsc.2014.2038 Floyd, L. A., Xu, F., Atkins, R., Caldwell, C. (2013). Ethical outcomes and business ethics: Toward improving business ethics education.Journal of business ethics,Volume 117, Issue 4, pp. 753-776. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-013-1717-z Ford, R. C., Richardson, W. D. (2013). Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. InCitation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 19-44). Springer Netherlands. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-4126-3_2 Gratton, L. (2014, June 06). Can altruism be good for business? Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/altruism-good-business-community Jackson, R. W., Wood, C. M., Zboja, J. J. (2013). The dissolution of ethical decision-making in organizations: A comprehensive review and model.Journal of Business Ethics,Volume 116, Issue 2, pp. 233-250. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-012-1459-3 Mahlab, K. (2017, March 21). Do Corporates Have a Place in Speaking on Social Issues? | PBA. Retrieved from https://probonoaustralia.com.au/news/2017/03/corporates-place-speaking-social-issues/ Malik, M. (2015). Value-enhancing capabilities of CSR: A brief review of contemporary literature.Journal of Business Ethics,Vol. 127, Issue 2, pp. 419-438. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-014-2051-9 Moriarty, J. (2016, November 17). Business Ethics. Retrieved September 15, 2017, from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-business/ Park, B. I., Ghauri, P. N. (2015). Determinants influencing CSR practices in small and medium sized MNE subsidiaries: A stakeholder perspective.Journal of World Business,Vol. 50, Issue 1, pp. 192-204. Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090951614000339 Serafeim, G. (2013). The role of the corporation in society: An alternative view and opportunities for future research. Retrieved from: https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/14-110_e7a7f1b3-be0d-4992-93cc-7a4834daebf1.pdf Stefano, M. D., Sainty, L. (2017, March 20). Here Are The Brands Standing Up To Peter Dutton's Attacks On Marriage Equality. Retrieved September 15, 2017, from https://www.buzzfeed.com/markdistefano/brb-just-knitting?utm_term=.lm7DQaxO#.bdadJPKk The Qantas Story. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.qantas.com/travel/airlines/history/global/en Wilkins, S. (2017, May 11). Should business leaders get involved in social and political issues? Retrieved from https://www.businessreviewaustralia.com/leadership/2400/Should-business-leaders-get-involved-in-social-and-political-issues